In a large bowl, mix all the dry ingredients: flour, sugar, salt, baking soda, and baking powder.
Using the large holes of a cheese grater, grate the frozen butter into the flour mixture. Mix well with your fingers or a pastry blender until the butter is evenly distributed and resembles coarse crumbs.
In a separate medium bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, large egg, and vanilla extract.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients. Using a fork, slowly stir until all the mixture is just moistened. Do not overwork the dough.
Gently fold in the fresh blueberries.
Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or a silicone baking mat. Drop large spoonfuls of the dough onto the prepared baking sheet. Avoid pressing or compacting the dough to ensure tender scones.
Bake in the center rack of the preheated oven for 18-20 minutes, or until golden brown and cooked through. Let them cool on the baking sheet for about 5 minutes before serving.
Notes
These scones are best enjoyed fresh. For a touch of sweetness, you can sprinkle a little coarse sugar on top before baking.